Concrete

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

Fluid cement that cures to a solid. It is the most manufactured material in the world.

Cement-bound concrete is less durable/rigid that asphaltic concrete due to addition of petroleum consituent (bitumen, sticky black liquid)

Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel together. They are inorganic (lacks carbon-hydrogen bonds), often lime- or calcium silicate-based.

Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust.

Drilling

1. Need a carbide drill bit
   • tungsten carbide
     • however only the tip has a brazed carbide, the rest is steel
       • Brazing: metal filler (lower metling temp) to "glue" two disparate metals together
   • mix of carbon and tungsten
   • High-speed steel (HSS) will dull quickly on concrete
2. Rotary hammer or hammer drill
3. Tapcon concrete screws
   • Alt:
     • Plastic masonry anchors
     • Sleeve anchors (like dry wall anchors)
     • Wedge anchors
       • heavy duty
       • https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ssFhEn8_NoI

NOTE: Rebar may be inside concrete

• 3/16"–1/4" holes: Concrete screws (e.g., Tapcons).
• 3/8"–1/2" holes: Expansion or wedge anchors.
• Larger holes: Rotary hammer recommended.